Оглавление

(К книге: Приглашение в философию. Античность. СПб., 2001)

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ........................................................................................................................ 5

ВВЕДЕНИЕ................................................................................................................................ 6

Философия и наука.......................................................................................................... 6

Философия и искусство.................................................................................................. 8

Философия и религия.................................................................................................... 10

ИОНИЙСКАЯ НАТУРФИЛОСОФИЯ................................................................................. 13

Основная проблема древнегреческой философии..................................................... 13

Фалес Милетский............................................................................................................... 15

Вода................................................................................................................................. 15

Анаксимандр....................................................................................................................... 16

Апейрон.......................................................................................................................... 17

Гераклит Эфесский............................................................................................................. 19

Огонь.............................................................................................................................. 20

«Все течет»..................................................................................................................... 22

Логос............................................................................................................................... 22

Диалектика..................................................................................................................... 24

Итоги................................................................................................................................... 25

ЭЛЕЙСКАЯ МЕТАФИЗИКА................................................................................................. 26

Парменид............................................................................................................................ 26

Путь истины и путь мнения......................................................................................... 26

Бытие умопостигаемое и бытие чувственно воспринимаемое................................ 27

Парменид и неевклидова геометрия............................................................................ 29

Проблема Парменида.................................................................................................... 31

Зенон Элейский.................................................................................................................. 32

Апории........................................................................................................................... 32

Итоги................................................................................................................................... 41

ПОСТЭЛЕЙСКАЯ НАТУРФИЛОСОФИЯ.......................................................................... 42

Эмпедокл............................................................................................................................. 42

Корни вещей.................................................................................................................. 42

Любовь и Ненависть..................................................................................................... 42

Естественный отбор...................................................................................................... 44

Анаксагор............................................................................................................................ 45

Семена вещей................................................................................................................. 46

«Все во всем»................................................................................................................. 46

Нус................................................................................................................................... 47

Демокрит............................................................................................................................. 48

Атомы и пустота............................................................................................................ 49

Демокрит и Парменид................................................................................................... 51

Необходимость и случайность..................................................................................... 55

Душа и познание............................................................................................................ 59

Итоги................................................................................................................................... 60

СОФИСТЫ И СОКРАТ.......................................................................................................... 62

Софисты.............................................................................................................................. 62

Сократ.................................................................................................................................. 64

Предмет философии...................................................................................................... 66

Метод философии.......................................................................................................... 67

Истина............................................................................................................................ 67

Добродетель................................................................................................................... 68

ПЛАТОН.................................................................................................................................. 70

Объективный идеализм..................................................................................................... 71

Идеи................................................................................................................................ 71

Хора................................................................................................................................ 73

Ум-демиург.................................................................................................................... 73

Душа космоса................................................................................................................. 74

Образ пещеры................................................................................................................ 75

Душа и познание............................................................................................................ 76

Корни платоновского идеализма................................................................................. 78

Идеальное государство...................................................................................................... 81

Справедливость............................................................................................................. 82

Сословия........................................................................................................................ 82

Воспитание и быт стражей........................................................................................... 83

Правители-философы.................................................................................................... 88

Ложь во имя блага......................................................................................................... 89

Вырожденные формы государства............................................................................... 91

Основной закон платоновского государства.............................................................. 93

АРИСТОТЕЛЬ....................................................................................................................... 100

Метафизика....................................................................................................................... 101

Самое первое начало бытия и мышления................................................................. 101

Форма........................................................................................................................... 102

Материя........................................................................................................................ 105

Проблема Аристотеля................................................................................................. 106

Первоматерия............................................................................................................... 110

Возможность и действительность............................................................................. 110

Цель............................................................................................................................... 111

Причина движения...................................................................................................... 112

Перводвигатель............................................................................................................ 113

Бог................................................................................................................................. 114

Корни метафизики Аристотеля.................................................................................. 114

О душе............................................................................................................................... 116

Что такое душа?............................................................................................................ 117

Растительная душа....................................................................................................... 118

Животная душа............................................................................................................ 119

Ум.................................................................................................................................. 120

ПЛОТИН................................................................................................................................ 123

Единое.......................................................................................................................... 123

Ум.................................................................................................................................. 127

Душа.............................................................................................................................. 128

Мир вещей.................................................................................................................... 129

Материя........................................................................................................................ 130

Зло................................................................................................................................. 130

Мистика........................................................................................................................ 131

Плотин и Платон......................................................................................................... 133

Итоги................................................................................................................................. 134

АНТИЧНАЯ ЭТИКА............................................................................................................. 137

Киники.............................................................................................................................. 138

Киренаики......................................................................................................................... 142

Эпикурейцы...................................................................................................................... 143

Стоики............................................................................................................................... 145

СЛОВАРЬ ФИЛОСОФСКИХ ПОНЯТИЙ......................................................................... 149

ИСТОЧНИКИ И ЛИТЕРАТУРА.......................................................................................... 153